The “Independence Transition Era”

It is very much advisable, to seek opinions concerning the “Independence Transition Era” from, “mature/young adults” of the time.
Anyone who is below the age of 82 years, must adduce evidence; when they propagate any stance in regard to the times.
That is simply because, anyone aged 82 would have been a 15 year old; as at 1957.
Even then, they would not have been considered mature enough to make decisions ; since the law considered that to be the age of 21 years. Thereby qualifying only 88 year olds and above to evidence-free opinions.
However, let’s be charitable enough to make it three years below the “age of maturity” considered today (18 years). Hence 82 years and above.
Nkrumahists, as I have reiterated constantly and consistently, are the biggest project and credit thieves in the history of Ghana.
A critical “story” as such, is one where they paint a picture of the Tema Oil Refinery being Ghana Government owned, and started; by Kwame Nkrumah and his Government. It is to be found in all the long lists peddled. A lie from the deepest pits of hell!
It was an Italian refinery, owned by the companies ANIC Societa per Azioni and AGIP Societa per Azioni. Fully owned. Never ever involved with the Government of Ghana in terms of ownership under the Nkrumah regime. The Government of Ghana, only began buying into it in the year 1975; under Gen. Ignatius Kutu Achaempong, and fully acquired it in 1977.
So, below is a corrected list of Projects attributed to the Nkrumah Government, coupled with a challenge to Nkrumahists to double-check and disprove (They include a plethora of falsely attributed projects) –
 1.⁠ ⁠University of Ghana –
It formerly was, the University College of the Gold Coast.
Established in 1948; with the influence of prominent Gold Coast figures such as Kobina Arku Korsah, Robert JP Armitage etc.
 2.⁠ ⁠KNUST –
It used to be the Kumasi College of Science and Technology, which was established by Nana Prempeh II in 1952. It was rebranded in 1961.
 3.⁠ ⁠Volta River Authority –
It formerly was, the Volta River Development Scheme established in 1948. Report by Sir William Halcrow and Partners; 1950.
It was rebranded in 1961
 4.⁠ ⁠State Housing Corporation –
It formerly was, the Gold Coast Housing Corporation. Established in 1956. It was rebranded in 1961.
 5.⁠ ⁠Ghana Institute of Journalism
It was formerly School of Journalism; as part of a Department of Accra Technical Institute, established in 1949.
It was rebranded in 1959.
 6.⁠ ⁠Korle Bu Teaching Hospital –
It was established in 1923 by Sir Gordon Guggisberg. Its biggest expansion was not by the Nkrumah Government but by the government of General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong.
IK Acheampong is credited for mounting Guggisberg’s statue at Korle Bu; during his expansion exercise. (Can be found on youtube)
 7.⁠ ⁠Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital –
It formerly was, Kumasi Central Hospital, built in 1954. Major expansions by General IK Acheampong; who converted it into a teaching hospital in 1975.
 8.⁠ ⁠Akosombo Dam –
Developed under the Volta River Development Scheme; established in 1948.
It was as part of latter parts of the scheme; but accelerated and constructed by Kwame Nkrumah’s regime.
 8.⁠ ⁠Ghana National Trading Company (GNTC) –
Formerly, Leventis AG Ghana; whose interests in Ghana, were bought out in 1962. The Government then took over its assets and liabilities.
 9.⁠ ⁠The Supreme Court of Ghana –
It was established in 1874 and cannot be attributed to Nkrumah. No references on the “Temple of Justice”.
10.⁠ ⁠Ghana Airways –
It formerly was, a part of the West African Airways Corporation; established in 1946 by the Governments of Britain’s 4 West African Colonies. Namely, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast and Nigeria.
It was broken up in 1958; as a result of the Independence of Ghana…
11.⁠ ⁠Ghana Atomic Energy Commission –
Formerly, the Atomic Energy Committee; established in 1952. Rebranded in 1961.
12.⁠ ⁠Cocoa Marketing Board-
First, the Cocoa Marketing Board established in 1932, then it was incorporated into the West African Produce Control Board in 1940, Cocoa Marketing Board in 1947 and finally, the Ghana Cocoa Board in 1979.
13-16. The Tema Harbour, Tema Community, Tema Motorway and Valco Aluminium Smelter.
All Part of the “Volta River Development Scheme” established in 1948, with a plan to have Tema as the port of business; for all establishments of the scheme. The Portfolio put together by Sir William Halcrow and Partners by 1950.
Construction of the Tema Harbour began in 1951. It was rebranded in 1961.
The Tema Community and Motorway were as part of the “Tema Manhean Project”, which began in 1951; and was rebranded in 1961.
The Valco Aluminium Smelter was a joint venture between ALCOA, Kaiser Aluminium and the Gold Coast Government in 1948. Its only involvement in 1961, only had to do with a power purchasing agreement for its smelters with the Akosombo Dam.
17.⁠ ⁠Bolga Tannery –
A project (1965) that never came to fruition; in addition to the Bolgatanga Airport (where £6.9 million was allocated, but misused and misappropriated)
One of Nkrumah’s ”sitting ducks”, which were never operated, but boasted about.
18.⁠ ⁠Pwalugu Tomato Factory –
Established in 1961 by the Nkrumah Government. It however was never ever operated! So, between 1961 and 1965; there was no operational tomato factory.
Another sitting duck, used for aesthetic purposes rather than production.
It’s first production was in 1973, under General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong.
19.⁠ ⁠Juapong Textile Factory –
It formerly was the Volta Star Textiles Limited, established by the National Liberation Council in 1968.
It cannot be attributed to the Nkrumah Government.
20.⁠ ⁠Komenda Sugar Factory –
It was established in 1964 by the Nkrumah Government.
Though, just as all the other ”sitting ducks”; it was never operated by the Nkrumah Government.
Production of sugar was commenced by the NLC; in 1967.
EDUCATION
21.⁠ ⁠Mfantsiman Girls -Formerly Government (Gold Coast) Girls School, Saltpond; established by Governor Guggisberg in 1923.
22.⁠ ⁠Accra Girls -Formerly Government (Gold Coast) Girls School, Accra; established by Governor Guggisberg in 1923.
23.⁠ ⁠Tema Secondary School -Established by the Nkrumah Administration under GetFund, in 1961
24.⁠ ⁠Techiman Secondary School – Though established in 1963; it was not done by Governmental initiative (As is thought, since the foundation stone was laid by Hon. Dowuona Hammond), but by the citizens of Techiman and Nana Ekumfi Ameyaw III.
25.⁠ ⁠Winneba Secondary School – A private school, founded in 1949; incorporated into the GetFund initiative in 1961.
26.⁠ ⁠Swedru Secondary School – Founded by the Nkrumah Government under GetFund in 1959.
27.⁠ ⁠Apam Secondary School – Founded by Rev JW DeGraft Johnson, in 1953.
28.⁠ ⁠Oda Secondary School – Founded in 1960, by the Nkrumah Administration.
29.⁠ ⁠Dormaa Secondary School – Established by the locals in 1947; and added to the GetFund initiative in 1961.
30.⁠ ⁠Labone Secondary School – Established by leading members of the UGCC, in 1949.
Added to the GETFund in 1961, when it was relocated to its current site.
Bonus. Ghana Secondary School was started in 1943, as Phoenix College. It’s name was changed to Christ College in 1950…It was then absorbed into the Public School system in 1957; where it’s name was changed to Ghanasco.
Colleges of Education –
31.⁠ ⁠Kwadaso College -Established in 1922, under Governor Guggisberg; with assistance from Cadbury and Fry Limited
32.⁠ ⁠Atebubu College -Established under the Nkrumah Administration in 1965.
33.⁠ ⁠Berekum College – Established in 1953, under Governor Noble Arden Clarke.
34.⁠ ⁠Fosu Training College – Established in 1965, under the Nkrumah Administration.
35.⁠ ⁠Enchi Training College – Established in 1965 under the Nkrumah Administration.
36.⁠ ⁠University of Cape Coast – Formally The University College of Gold Coast, Cape Coast, established in 1948.
The Nkrumah Government was responsible for making it a SEPARATE University College; and then the Acheampong government made it a fully fledged University.
37.⁠ ⁠Kumasi Technical University (Formerly Institute) – Established in 1954, under Governor Noble Arden Clarke. It was made a non-tertiary polytechnic by the Nkrumah Administration in 1963.
38.⁠ ⁠Accra Technical University (Formerly Institute) – Established in 1949; the year of 3 Governors, Robert Scott, Thorleif Rattray and Gerald Creasy.
It was made into a Polytechnic in 1963, by the Nkrumah Government.
Therefore, the total number of secondary schools established (organically) by the Nkrumah government is 3 (Out of a total 475 in the country). It established no universities (Though it must be given credit for upgrading them), and 4 Colleges of education (Out of a total 46 in the country).
OPEN CHALLENGE !